freesewing/markdown/org/docs/patterns/penelope/instructions/en.md

<Note>

Due to the different styles and configurations of Penelope, we will first go over some tips of the different elements that make up a pencil skirt.

</Note>


## Notes and tips

### Lining

Pencil skirts are tight. This limits your movement quite a bit. More so, when you 
try to sit down, the skirt may try to pull itself off your waist, or, when you get 
back up, stay quite high on your bum. Lining the skirt will make it move a lot
easier around your curves, and thereby make it easier for you to move. 

Adding lining can be done by creating a slightly shorter front and back piece, that 
has some extra fabric in the middle. The extra fabric makes it easier for the 
lining to move. One inch for each of the front and back pieces is enough. You can
either make a box pleat in the front and back, or add the extra fabric where the
darts are. You do not need to sew darts in the lining fabric. Just a pleat at the
dart position will be fine.

### Waistband

A waistband is optional on Penelope. If you omit it, there will be quite some stress
on the top of the zipper. Make sure your zipper is up to the task. An invisible zipper might not be the best option then, since they can't always take that much strain.

### Zipper

Without the zipper it will be impossible to get in and out of the skirt. So it should
be at least the length from your waist to the largest part of your bum. Longer will
make it easier to put the skirt on and off. Don't use one that's too long, because the
part of the seam where the zipper is behaves differently than the part without it, and
you want to try to make it invisible also in movement.

Traditionally, an invisible zipper is used in a pencil skirt but a regular zipper will work just as well.
You can even use a zipper that constrast your fabric if the fancy takes you. 
Choose what works for you and the style you're going for. Be creative (or not) it is entirely up to you! 
All though if your fabric is on the heavier side you might want to opt for a different closure entirely.

### Vent

A vent in the back is optional with Penelope. It will allow you to walk a lot easier 
than if you make the skirt without it. The vent also influences where the zipper will 
be located. If you choose to have no vent, the default zipper location is on the side
seam, and the back will be cut-on-fold. With the vent, there has to be a seam in the 
back piece, and the zipper will be located on that seam.

### Darts

Darts are used to compensate for the difference between your waist and seat measurements.
Depending on this difference, there can be two darts, one dart, or no darts at all. More
darts make for a potentially better fit. But if the amount of fabric that the dart will
take in becomes too small, the number of darts will be reduced. Otherwise it would be 
very difficult to sew the darts, and they would probably become rather unsightly. Some 
of the difference will be taken in by the side seam, and if the difference is small, no 
darts will be included in the front and back pieces.

## Construction

<Warning>

We're not going to go into a full explanation on how to create all the individual details 
that make up a pencil skirt. These instructions assume that you know how to sew a dart, insert an invisible 
zipper, make a vent, etc. If not, there are numerous excellent articles available on the 
web, both in writen form, and on video. If you do get stuck, you can always reach out to 
[other FreeSewers](https://discord.freesewing.org/) in our discord.

</Warning>

### Step 1: Darts

- Sew all the darts. 
- Press the darts towards the back.
  - For the back piece(s), that means you press the darts towards eachother. 
  - For the front piece, that means you press the darts towards the side seams.

### Step 2: The zipper

- With *good sides together*, sew the seam that has the zipper leaving the top open for the zipper.
- Insert the zipper into the seam following the procedure that is appropriate for the type of zipper you're using.

<Note>
  
If using a different closure, construct it during this step.

</Note>

### Step 3: Sew the side seams

- With *good sides together*, sew up both the side seams.
- With *good sides together*, if not the zipper seam, sew the centre back seam either completely or down to the vent if included.

### Step 4: The lining (Optional)

You can skip this step if not making a lining.

- Follow Step 1 - 4 to construct the lining with the following changes:
  - Adjust the darts to compensate for the extra 'ease' in the lining pieces.
  - Do not include the zipper but leave the opening in the zipper seam.
- Attach the lining to the body in your prefered way. You will need to construct the vent during this and connect the lining to the zipper.

<Note>

How to distribute the extra 'ease' is up to you. You can either add it to the darts by increasing them. or you can add another dart or box pleat in the middle.

</Note>

<Warning>

If you prefer to insert the zipper with the main and lining fabric as one, you will need to omit inserting the zipper until this step.

</Warning>

### Step 5: The waistband

- Face lengthwise half of the waistband.
- Press a fold the waistband in half lengthwise.
- With *good sides together* sew the face half of the waistband to the top of the skirt. Part of this waistband should overhang the zipper seam.
- Press the waistband up and away from the skirt.
- Press the remaining waistband seam allowances to the inside of the waistband.
- Fold and press the waistband to the inside along fold line.
- *Stitch in the ditch* to secure the waistband.
- *Slipstitch* or *Whipstitch* the gap in the waistband that goes over the zipper seam
- Construct your preferred choice of closure where the waistband overlaps.

<Note>

Alternatively you can *Edgestitch* the waistband in place which will admit the need to hand-stitch the gap closed but this will leave visible stitching.  
The closure can be a button and buttonhole, snaps or simple dress hooks. It's really up to you.

</Note>

### Step 6: The hem and vents

This step is only needed if you have not lined your skirt as the hem and vents would have been taken care of in that step.

- If desired, face the hem and vents.
- Construct the vents with your preferred method
- Press under the hem allowances of the skirt.
- If hem is large enough and/or the fabric press under a small amount along the top, this will help to prevent farying.
- Secure the hem in place with your preferred method. For instance you can sew from the outside or *Slipstitch* from the inside. This comes down to how you want the finished product to look.

<Tip>

If the seam allowances are big enough you can sew the hems as narrow hems. This is especially useful if your fabric is prone to fraying.

</Tip>

### Step 7: Enjoy!

- Now all that's left to do is to enjoy you new skirt!